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In physical geography, tundra (/ ˈ t ʌ n d r ə, ˈ t ʊ n-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic tundra, [ 2 ] alpine tundra , [ 2 ] and Antarctic tundra.
The tundra is an extremely harsh, cold, windy, and unique ecosystem found on the extreme north and south latitudes of our Earth. The soil consists mostly of frozen permafrost, which makes it difficult for extended root systems to grow, and water to drain and support a wide variety of plant life.
Geographical locations where the tundra biome is found. Tundra is found north of 70° N latitude in North America, Eurasia and Greenland. It can be found at lower latitudes at high elevations as well. [42] The average temperature is −34 °C (−29 °F); during the summer it is less than 10 °C (50 °F).
Central South Antarctic Peninsula tundra: Antarctic Peninsula: Dronning Maud Land tundra: Queen Maud Land: East Antarctic tundra: Eastern Antarctica: Ellsworth Land tundra: Ellsworth Land: Ellsworth Mountains tundra: Ellsworth Mountains: Enderby Land tundra: Enderby Land: Marie Byrd Land tundra: Marie Byrd Land: North Victoria Land tundra ...
A large amount of the land in the north polar region is part of Earth's tundra biome. South of the Arctic tundra, where temperatures are a little less cold, are the vast forests of conifer trees of the taiga biome. North of the Arctic tundra are polar bears and the unique marine life of the Arctic Ocean. [2] The Arctic Ocean has relatively ...
To the south and east the covered portions of Somerset and Baffin Islands are lowland plains with glacial moraines. The ocean around the northern islands tends to be iced over even through the summer, while there is open water in the summer around the southern islands. On land, permafrost is continuous and deep. [6]
The Arctic tundra has become a source of emissions, rather than a carbon sink. ... As the Arctic loses snow cover and sea ice, more dark-colored ocean water and rock emerge. Those dark surfaces ...
Ice features such as ice wedges and pingo mounds of soil and ice can be found. This coast has an arctic climate warm enough to allow plant growth in late-June, July and August only, and even then frosts may occur. On the whole this is a damper, wetter area than the Low Arctic tundra ecoregion that continues along the coast west of here to ...