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  2. uMkhonto weSizwe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkhonto_weSizwe

    uMkhonto weSizwe (Xhosa pronunciation: [um̩ˈkʰonto we ˈsizwe]; abbreviated MK; lit. ' Spear of the Nation ') was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC), founded by Nelson Mandela in the wake of the Sharpeville massacre. Its mission was to fight against the South African government to bring an end to its racist policies ...

  3. uMkhonto we Sizwe Military Veterans' Association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe_Military...

    Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC) during apartheid.After being banned by the South African government in 1960, both the ANC and MK operated primarily in exile elsewhere in Southern Africa, where large numbers of young South Africans received military training to conduct armed struggle against the apartheid government – primarily sabotage ...

  4. Joe Modise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Modise

    Johannes "Joe" Modise (23 May 1929 – 26 November 2001) was a South African political figure. He helped to found uMkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, and was its longest serving Commander in Chief, deputised at different points in time by Joe Slovo and Chris Hani.

  5. Joe Slovo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Slovo

    A Marxist-Leninist, he was a long-time leader and theorist in the South African Communist Party (SACP), a leading member of the African National Congress (ANC), and a commander of the ANC's military wing uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK). Slovo was a delegate to the multiracial Congress of the People of June 1955 which drew up the Freedom Charter. He was ...

  6. Operation Nickel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Nickel

    Operation Nickel or the Wankie Campaign or the Wankie Battles was a military operation launched by the Rhodesian Security Forces on 1 August 1967 in response to the group of ZIPRA and Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) fighters crossing the Zambezi River, which marked the Rhodesian-Zambian border.

  7. 1962 in South Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_in_South_Africa

    Events from the year 1962 in South Africa.This year is notable for its internal and international resistance campaigns against the country's Apartheid legislation. Umkhonto we Sizwe, the militant wing of the African National Congress, made its first sabotage attacks in 1961, and Nelson Mandela traveled to Ethiopia to rally support for Umkhonto and justify the attacks.

  8. Godfrey Ngwenya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_Ngwenya

    Ngwenya joined Umkhonto weSizwe (MK), the military wing of the African National Congress, in 1976, and commanded MK forces in Angola from 1983 to 1989. He transferred to the South African National Defence Force when MK was incorporated into it in 1994 and he was appointed as major general and served as Deputy General Officer Commanding of Witwatersrand Command in Johannesburg from 1994 to 1996.

  9. Mzala Nxumalo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzala_Nxumalo

    Later, Nxumalo would hold a leading position in the ranks of Umkhonto weSizwe. Lending his services around Africa, serving in nations like Angola, and Swaziland. [7] While at Funda Camp, which was an Umkhonto weSizwe preparation camp on the outskirts of Luanda, Angola, Nxumalo was seriously injured by a bullet mistakenly shot by a new recruit ...