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Unlike the upper and lower eyelids, the nictitating membrane moves horizontally across the eyeball. In many species, any stimulus to the eyeball (such as a puff of air) will result in reflex nictitating membrane response. This reflex is widely used as the basis for experiments on classical conditioning in rabbits. [3]
In the rabbit, motoneurons that are involved in the nictitating membrane response are found in the accessory abducens nucleus. [ 2 ] Crosby et al. (1962) [ 3 ] questioned whether, in the human , it exists independently of the accessory facial nucleus .
Cherry eye is a disorder of the nictitating membrane (NM), ... A similar condition exists in dwarf lop-eared rabbits, which occurs in the harderian gland. Similar ...
Recordings of multiple-unit neuronal activity from rabbit INP during eyeblink conditioning have been possible with chronic electrode implants, and have revealed a population of cells that discharge prior to the initiation of the learned eyeblink CR and fire in a pattern of increased response frequency that predicted and modeled the temporal ...
The Harderian gland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating membrane. [1] The gland can be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and the fluid it secretes (mucous, serous or lipid) varies between different groups of animals.
When a cat blinks it doesn't fully close its eyelids; instead the upper and lower eyelids almost close, while the nictitating membrane quickly swipes diagonally across the eyeball.
Gregory A. Clark is a professor in the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Utah; he is also the Director for the Center for Neural Interfaces at the University of Utah.
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