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Group A streptococcal infections are a number of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (GAS). [1] S. pyogenes is a species of beta-hemolytic Gram-positive bacteria that is responsible for a wide range of infections that are mostly common and fairly mild. If the bacteria enters the bloodstream, the infection can become ...
However, both Streptococcus dysgalactiae and the Streptococcus anginosus group can possess group A antigen as well. Group A streptococci, when grown on blood agar, typically produce small (2–3 mm) zones of beta-hemolysis, a complete destruction of red blood cells. The name group A (beta-hemolytic) Streptococcus is thus also used. [1]
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Similarly, group B streptococcus typically denotes Streptococcus agalactiae, although minor beta-hemolytic group B streptococci like S. troglodytidis exist. [15] While most streptococcal illnesses in humans originate from species adapted to humans, such as S. pneumoniae or S. pyogenes, there are zoonotic species capable of causing infections. [15]
Lymphangitis is an inflammation or an infection of the lymphatic channels [2] that occurs as a result of infection at a site distal to the channel. It may present as long red streaks spreading away from the site of infection. It is a possible medical emergency as involvement of the lymphatic system allows for an infection to spread rapidly.
Erysipelas (/ ˌ ɛ r ə ˈ s ɪ p ə l ə s /) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.
Streptococci are chains of cocci such as Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococci are irregular (grape-like) clusters of cocci (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus). Tetrads are clusters of four cocci arranged within the same plane such as Micrococcus sp.). Sarcina describes a pack-like cuboidal arrangement of eight cocci such as Sarcina ventriculi.
S. agalactiae, or group B streptococcus, GBS, causes pneumonia and meningitis in newborns and the elderly, with occasional systemic bacteremia. Importantly, Streptococcus agalactiae is the most common cause of meningitis in infants from one month to three months old.