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Trivalent chromium plating, also known as tri-chrome, Cr 3+, and chrome(III) plating, uses chromium sulfate or chromium chloride as the main ingredient. Trivalent chromium plating is an alternative to hexavalent chromium in certain applications and thicknesses (e.g. decorative plating). [3]
Black nickel plating was developed around 1905, and between the two wars, black chrome plating (first German patent 1929.GP 607, 420), which saw wider use only from the mid-1950s. [14] After the First World War, the first procedures for anodic oxidation and coloring of anodically oxidized aluminium were developed (1923, 1924.DRP. 413876).
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [19]
Electroplating baths and equipment based on the patents of the Elkingtons were scaled up to accommodate the plating of numerous large-scale objects and for specific manufacturing and engineering applications. The plating industry received a big boost with the advent of the development of electric generators in the late 19th
If chromium is plated directly onto the steel, then their different thermal expansion coefficients will cause the chrome plating to peel off the steel. Nickel , Nichrome , tantalum , hafnium , niobium , zirconium , vanadium , and tungsten are a few of the metal combinations used to form diffusion barriers for specific applications.
A #7 finish is produced by polishing with a 280–320 grit belt or wheel and sisal buffing with a cut and color compound. This is a semi-bright finish that will still have some polishing lines but they will be very dull. Carbon steel and iron are commonly polished to a #7 finish before chrome plating.
Stainless steel and chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) together comprise 85% of the commercial use. Chromium is also greatly valued as a metal that is able to be highly polished while resisting tarnishing. Polished chromium reflects almost 70% of the visible spectrum, and almost 90% of infrared light. [11]
Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, for ...
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