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An example of curly brackets used to group sentences together. Curly brackets are used by text editors to mark editorial insertions [54] or interpolations. [55] Braces used to be used to connect multiple lines of poetry, such as triplets in a poem of rhyming couplets, [56] although this usage had gone out of fashion by the 19th century. [57] [58]
The round brackets indicate optional constituents. Beginning with the sentence symbol S, and applying the phrase structure rules successively, finally applying replacement rules to substitute actual words for the abstract symbols, it is possible to generate many proper sentences of English (or whichever language the rules are specified for).
If a sentence contains a bracketed phrase, place the sentence punctuation outside the brackets (as shown here). However, where one or more sentences are wholly inside brackets, place their punctuation inside the brackets. There should be no space next to the inner side of a bracket. An opening bracket should usually be preceded by a space.
In mathematics, brackets of various typographical forms, such as parentheses ( ), square brackets [ ], braces { } and angle brackets , are frequently used in mathematical notation. Generally, such bracketing denotes some form of grouping: in evaluating an expression containing a bracketed sub-expression, the operators in the sub-expression take ...
In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order [1] is a sentence structure in which the finite verb of a sentence or a clause is placed in the clause's second position, so that the verb is preceded by a single word or group of words (a single constituent). Examples of V2 in English include (brackets indicating a single constituent):
An often cited example in English is certain common nicknames that begin with N, where the given name does not begin with N (e.g. Ned for Edward, Nelly for Ellen). In Old English, the first person possessive pronoun was mīn. Old English speakers commonly addressed family and close friends with "min <Name>", for example, "min Ed".
A Dyck language sentence can be pictured as a descent and ascent through the levels of nested brackets. As one reads along a Dyck sentence, each opening bracket increases the nesting depth by 1, and each closing bracket decreases by 1. The depth of a sentence is the maximal depth reached within the sentence.
In contrast to well-formed nested parentheses and square brackets in the previous section, there is no context-free grammar for generating all sequences of two different types of parentheses, each separately balanced disregarding the other, where the two types need not nest inside one another, for example: