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Replacing SHA-1 is urgent where it is used for digital signatures. All major web browser vendors ceased acceptance of SHA-1 SSL certificates in 2017. [15] [9] [4] In February 2017, CWI Amsterdam and Google announced they had performed a collision attack against SHA-1, publishing two dissimilar PDF files which produced the same SHA-1 hash.
shasum is a Perl program to calculate any of SHA-1, 224, 256, 384, 512 hashes. [7] It is part of the ActivePerl distribution. sha3sum is a similarly named program that calculates SHA-3, HAKE, RawSHAKE, and Keccak functions. [8] The <hash>sum naming convention is also used by the BLAKE team with b2sum and b3sum, by the program tthsum, and many ...
SHA-1: A 160-bit hash function which resembles the earlier MD5 algorithm. This was designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) to be part of the Digital Signature Algorithm . Cryptographic weaknesses were discovered in SHA-1, and the standard was no longer approved for most cryptographic uses after 2010.
hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling ...
Several utilities, such as md5deep, can use such checksum files to automatically verify an entire directory of files in one operation. The particular hash algorithm used is often indicated by the file extension of the checksum file. The ".sha1" file extension indicates a checksum file containing 160-bit SHA-1 hashes in sha1sum format.
Checksum/Hash algorithms including CRC-16, CRC-32, Adler32, MD2, MD4, MD5, RIPEMD160, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, TIGER; Import or export hex data in Intel Hex Format, Motorola S-Records, Hex Text, C/C++/Java Code, Base64, Uuencoding, RTF, or HTML; Arithmetic and bitwise operations on hex data; Printing with header, footer and margin control
In February 2017, the first known successful SHA-1 collision attack in practice (termed "SHAttered") was recognized. Marc Stevens was first-credited in the subsequent paper [ 6 ] along with CWI Amsterdam colleague Pierre Karpman, and researchers Elie Bursztein, Ange Albertini, Yarik Markov, Alex Petit Bianco, Clement Baisse [ 7 ] from Google .
Linux kernel, version 5.17 replaced SHA-1 with BLAKE2s for hashing the entropy pool in the random number generator. [21] Open Network for Digital Commerce, a Government of India initiative, uses BLAKE-512 to sign API requests. [22] checksum, a Windows file hashing program has Blake2s as one of its algorithms [23]