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Sophrosyne (Ancient Greek: σωφροσύνη) is an ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, purity, decorum, and self-control. An adjectival form is "sophron". [1]
Aristotle restricts the sphere of temperance to bodily pleasures, and defines temperance as "a mean with regard to pleasures," [3]: III.10 distinct from self-indulgence. Like courage, temperance is a virtue concerning our discipline of "the irrational parts of our nature" (fear, in the case of courage; desire, in the case of temperance). [3]:
God of mortality and father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, and Atlas. Mνημοσύνη (Mnēmosýnē) Mnemosyne: Goddess of memory and remembrance, and mother of the Nine Muses. Ὠκεανός (Ōceanós) Oceanus: God of the all-encircling river Oceans around the Earth, the fount of all the Earth's fresh-water. Φοίβη (Phoíbē) Phoebe
They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); [1] these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them. [2] These virtues derive initially from Plato in Republic Book IV, 426-435.
Prior to Ambrose, these four qualities were identified by the Greek philosopher Plato as the necessary character traits of a good man, and were discussed by other ancient authors such as Cicero. They can also be found in the Old Testament Book of Wisdom , which states that wisdom "teaches moderation and prudence, righteousness and fortitude ...
Greek mythology has changed over time to accommodate the evolution of their culture, of which mythology, both overtly and in its unspoken assumptions, is an index of the changes. In Greek mythology's surviving literary forms, as found mostly at the end of the progressive changes, it is inherently political, as Gilbert Cuthbertson (1975) has argued.
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Aidos or Aedos (/ ˈ iː d ɒ s /; [1] Greek: Αἰδώς, pronounced [ai̯dɔ̌ːs]) was the Greek goddess of shame, modesty, respect, and humility. [2] Aidos, as a quality, was that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong.