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Acute kidney injury was one of the most expensive conditions seen in U.S. hospitals in 2011, with an aggregated cost of nearly $4.7 billion for approximately 498,000 hospital stays. [48] This was a 346% increase in hospitalizations from 1997, when there were 98,000 acute kidney injury stays. [49]
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia (any of several lung diseases) contracted by a person outside of the healthcare system. In contrast, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is seen in patients who have recently visited a hospital or who live in long-term care facilities.
Pneumonia is most commonly classified by where or how it was acquired: community-acquired, aspiration, healthcare-associated, hospital-acquired, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. [42] It may also be classified by the area of the lung affected: lobar, bronchial pneumonia and acute interstitial pneumonia; [42] or by the causative organism. [81]
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia. [1] The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. [2]
It is classified as either community or hospital acquired depending on where the patient contracted the infection. It is life-threatening in the elderly or those who are immunocompromised. [13] [14] The most common treatment is antibiotics and these vary in their adverse effects and their effectiveness.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is infectious pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common causes of CAP vary depending on a person's age, but they include Streptococcus pneumoniae, viruses, the atypical bacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Uropathogenic E. coli from the gut is the cause of 80–85% of community-acquired urinary tract infections, [31] with Staphylococcus saprophyticus being the cause in 5–10%. [4] Rarely they may be due to viral or fungal infections. [ 32 ]
community-acquired pneumonia: CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: CAO: conscious, alert, and oriented (no altered level of consciousness) CaOx: calcium oxalate: Caps: capsule: CAT / CT: computed axial tomography / computed tomography: Cath: catheter: CAUTI: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection: CBA: cost–benefit analysis ...