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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 March 2025. For satirical news, see List of satirical news websites. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely ...
The misinformation effect is an example of retroactive interference which occurs when information presented later interferes with the ability to retain previously encoded information. Individuals have also been shown to be susceptible to incorporating misleading information into their memory when it is presented within a question. [ 5 ]
According to Derakhshan, examples of malinformation can include "revenge porn, where the change of context from private to public is the sign of malicious intent", or providing false information about where and when a photograph was taken in order to mislead the viewer [3] (the picture is real, but the meta-information and its context is changed).
Here's an easy example. Consider you are surfing the web and find a news article that, unbeknownst to you, contains false claims about the president. You share it with your followers on social media.
Be it finance, health care or politics, there is a global “infodemic” of misinformation that is affecting people’s health and well-being, according to the World Health Organization.
However, misinformation research has often been criticized for its emphasis on efficacy (i.e., demonstrating effects of interventions in controlled experiments) over effectiveness (i.e., confirming real-world impacts of these interventions). [88]
Fake news can reduce the impact of real news by competing with it. For example, a BuzzFeed News analysis found that the top fake news stories about the 2016 U.S. presidential election received more engagement on Facebook than top stories from major media outlets. [13] It also particularly has the potential to undermine trust in serious media ...
The most common form of misinformation interventions rooted in inoculation theory are pre-bunking and gamified interventions that seek to inform the participant about the various ways that misinformation appears online. Examples of gamified interventions include Bad News, Harmony Square, and Go Viral!, among others. [7]