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The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is a relative poverty measure based on 60% of the median household income. The United States uses an absolute poverty measure based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "economy food plan", adjusted for inflation. The World Bank also defines poverty in
[63] [64] The share of the world's population living in absolute poverty fell from 43% in 1981 to 14% in 2011. [65] The absolute number of people in poverty fell from 1.95 billion in 1981 to 1.01 billion in 2011. [66] The economist Max Roser estimates that the number of people in poverty is therefore roughly the same as 200 years ago. [66]
The term "absolute poverty" is also sometimes used as a synonym for extreme poverty. Absolute poverty is the absence of enough resources to secure basic life necessities. Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population). Based on World Bank data ranging from 1998 to 2018. [16]
The 1995 world summit on social development in Copenhagen had, as one of its principal declarations that all nations of the world should develop measures of both absolute and relative poverty and should gear national policies to "eradicate absolute poverty by a target date specified by each country in its national context." [6]
National poverty lines reflect local perceptions of the level and composition of consumption or income needed to be non-poor. The perceived boundary between poor and non-poor typically rises with the average income of a country and thus does not provide a uniform measure for comparing poverty rates across countries.
It is a term used in social sciences to describe feelings or measures of economic, political, or social deprivation that are relative rather than absolute. [3] The term is inextricably linked to the similar terms poverty and social exclusion . [ 5 ]
The depth of poverty is the average 'gap' (G) between the level of deprivation poor people experience and the poverty cut-off line. M1 = H x A x G. Adjusted Squared Poverty Gap (M2): This measure reflects the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty, as well as inequality among the poor (captured by the squared gap, S). M2 = H x A x S.
In October 2017, the World Bank updated the international poverty line, a global absolute minimum, to $1.90 a day. [3] This is the equivalent of $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices, hence the widely used expression "living on less than a dollar a day". [4] The vast majority of those in extreme poverty reside in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.