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Hemivertebrae are wedge-shaped vertebrae and therefore can cause an angle in the spine (such as kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis). Among the congenital vertebral anomalies, hemivertebrae are the most likely to cause neurologic problems. [5] The most common location is the midthoracic vertebrae, especially the eighth (T8). [6]
It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2] Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes.
[1] [3] [4] They may be born with congenital vertebral anomalies; parts of the spine may be fused and fail to segment. [4] There may also be extra vertebrae in the lower back. [5] [7] Some of those affected have been reported to have premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis), particularly those across the midline and at the front ...
Bertolotti's syndrome is a commonly missed cause of back pain which occurs due to lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). It is a congenital condition but is not usually symptomatic until one's later twenties or early thirties. [1] However, there are a few cases of Bertolotti's that become symptomatic at a much earlier age.
Bladder outlet obstruction is included in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). CAKUT is the most common cause of birth defects, occurring in 1 out of 1000 live births, and accounts for approximately half of all cases of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in children. [1] [2]
The three categories treated for types of spinal cord deficiencies are massive fusion of the cervical spine (Type I), the fusion of 1 or 2 vertebrae (Type II), and the presence of thoracic and lumbar spine anomalies in association with type I or type II Klippel–Feil syndrome (Type III). [citation needed]
C - Cardiovascular anomalies; T - Tracheoesophageal fistula; E - Esophageal atresia; R - Renal (Kidney) and/or radial anomalies; L - Limb defects; Although it was not conclusive whether VACTERL should be defined by at least two or three component defects, [4] it is typically defined by the presence of at least three of the above congenital ...
Dysfunction of the bladder is also frequently seen in patients with Spina Bifida, which affects 1 in 1000 births in the United States. It has been documented that about 61% of patients with Spina Bifida have some form of urinary incontinence. Around 70-80% of patients with spinal cord injury have degrees of bladder dysfunction. [26]