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The patient is asked to fixate on a target while the examiner places a 4 prism dioptre base-out prism over the patient's eye, observing the response of the fellow eye. [ 1 ] The target is a single isolated distance target of approximately 1-2 lines better than best corrected acuity at distance.
During an eye examination, the presence of suppression and the size and location of the suppression scotoma may be the Worth 4 dot test (a subjective test that is considered to be the most precise suppression test), or with other subjective tests such as the Bagolini striated lens test, or with objective tests such as the 4 prism base out test.
Infantile esotropia is a type of esotropia (inward eye turn) that occurs in early childhood. Learn about its presentation, causes, diagnosis, treatment and controversies from this comprehensive article.
Esotropia is a condition in which one or both eyes deviate inward, causing a cross-eyed appearance. It can be constant or intermittent, and has different types and causes, such as hyperopia, congenital, or accommodative factors.
The Maddox rod test is a subjective method to measure horizontal and vertical deviations of the eyes, using a red line and a white light. The double Maddox rod test can also assess torsion and cyclotropias, by comparing the angles of two red lines.
Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is an eye condition that causes one eye to drift upward spontaneously or after being covered. It is often associated with squints and can be diagnosed and treated by ophthalmologists.
Prentice's rule is a formula to calculate the amount of prism correction in a lens based on decentration and lens power. It can be used for prescribing, tolerance control, or determining unprescribed prism in eyeglasses.
The Hirschberg test, also known as the Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a method to assess ocular misalignment by observing the light reflex on the cornea. It can detect exotropia, esotropia, hypertropia or hypotropia and is used in optometry and ophthalmology.