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Hyperoxaluria can be primary (as a result of a genetic defect) or secondary to another disease process. [citation needed] Type I primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is associated mutations in the gene encoding AGXT, a key enzyme involved in oxalate metabolism. PH1 is an example of a protein mistargeting disease, wherein AGXT shows a trafficking defect.
Vomiting, swelling of the abdomen, and diarrhea may also occur. The disease does not usually affect consciousness or cause a fever. Botulism can occur in several ways. The bacterial spores which cause it are common in both soil and water and are very resistant. They produce the botulinum toxin when exposed to low oxygen levels and certain ...
Another damaging result of excess calcium in the cytosol is the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a pore in the membranes of mitochondria that opens when the organelles absorb too much calcium. Opening of the pore may cause mitochondria to swell and release reactive oxygen species and other proteins that can lead to ...
Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always ...
Pictured is the bacterium alone, with a spore being produced, and the spore alone. Tetanus is caused by the tetanus bacterium, Clostridium tetani. [1] The disease is an international health problem, as C. tetani endospores are ubiquitous. Endospores can be introduced into the body through a puncture wound (penetrating trauma).
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan. [3] Infections with toxoplasmosis are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric and behavioral conditions. [ 8 ] Occasionally, people may have a few weeks or months of mild, flu-like illness such as muscle aches and tender lymph nodes . [ 1 ]
Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhalation of silica dust. silver: 47: 2c: Has no known biological role, apart from medical use (antibiotic, mainly; also dental fillings). [11] Can produce a variety of toxic effects in humans and other animals; also toxic to various microorganisms. [11] sodium: 11: 5
Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), also referred to as calcium-alkali syndrome, is the third most common cause of elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis , and acute kidney injury .