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Poland, [d] officially the Republic of Poland, [e] is a country in Central Europe.It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia [f] to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
The bulk of modern Slovakia was part of Poland from 1003 to c. 1031.The northern outskirts of modern Slovakia remained part of Poland before gradually passing to Hungary in the following centuries, however, in 1412 Poland regained portions of the region of Spisz with 16 towns by the Treaty of Lubowla, and retained the territory until Austrian occupation in 1769, and the First Partition of ...
Welcome to the Poland Portal — Witaj w Portalu o Polsce. Cityscape of Kraków, Poland's former capital. Coat of arms of Poland. Poland is a country in Central ...
In the 16th century, after the Counter-Reformation was launched and the Thirty Years War broke out in the German lands, Poland became a Roman Catholic stronghold. In 1683, the Polish army commanded by Polish king John III Sobieski helped to relieve the siege of Vienna and along with the Holy Roman Empire, ended the growing expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Europe.
Poland–Russia relations (Polish: Stosunki polsko-rosyjskie, Russian: Российско-польские отношения) have a long and often turbulent history, dating to the late Middle Ages.
Poland–Ukraine relations revived on an international basis soon after Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Poland was the first country to recognize the existence of Ukraine.
Poland and Lithuania established diplomatic relations from the 13th century, after the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under king Mindaugas acquired some of the territory of Rus' and thus established a border with the then-fragmented Kingdom of Poland.
The borders of modern Poland were defined in the aftermath of the Second World War and the establishment of the People's Republic of Poland.They were agreed in the field of international law by the Yalta Agreement of February 11, 1945 and the Potsdam Agreement of August 2, 1945.