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Biofertilizers provide "eco-friendly" organic agro-inputs. Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and blue-green algae (BGA) are perhaps the species with the longest history of use as biofertilizers. Rhizobium inoculant is used for leguminous crops. Azotobacter can be used with crops like wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, potato, and other vegetable ...
Rhizobium forms a symbiotic relationship with certain plants, such as legumes, fixing nitrogen from the air into ammonia, which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants. The Agricultural Research Service is conducting research involving the genetic mapping of various rhizobial species with their respective symbiotic plant species, like ...
The most commonly applied rhizobacteria are Rhizobium and closely related genera. Rhizobium are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form symbiotic associations within nodules on the roots of legumes. This increases host nitrogen nutrition and is important to the cultivation of soybeans, chickpeas and many other leguminous crops.
Nitrogen fixation is one of the most beneficial processes performed by rhizobacteria. Nitrogen is a vital nutrient to plants and gaseous nitrogen (N 2) is not available to them due to the high energy required to break the triple bonds between the two atoms. [4]
Diazotroph biofertilizers used today include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium and Blue green algae (a genus of cyanobacteria). These fertilizer are widely used and commenced into industrial production. So far in the market, nitrogen fixation biofertilizer can be divided into liquid fertilizer and solid fertilizer.
Their discovery makes it possible to increase the yields of soya, groundnut, pea and alfalfa crops. Patents are filed, a partnership with an industrial group is initiated, and in 2004 the production of Rhizobium inoculants enriched with Nod factors begins. In 2011, 2 million hectares of crops were fed with nod1 factors.
Currently, the main purpose in managing soil phosphorus is to optimize crop production and minimize P loss from soils. PSB have attracted the attention of agriculturists as soil inoculums to improve the plant growth and yield. When PSB is used with rock phosphate, it can save about 50% of the crop requirement of phosphatic fertilizer.
At least one study has so far shown a significant increase in crop production linked to the production of "auxins, cytokinins, and GA–like substances" by A. chroococcum. [6] In addition to these biomolecules, this bacterium has been found to be able to produce "siderophores, ammonia, and ACC deaminase", as well as indoleacetic acid, which all ...