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Different types of bone markings and features. A condyle is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint – an articulation with another bone. [2] The epicondyle refers to a projection near a condyle, particularly the medial epicondyle of the humerus. [3] These terms derive from Greek. [4] [a]
Bone tissue is removed by osteoclasts, and then new bone tissue is formed by osteoblasts. Both processes utilize cytokine (TGF-β, IGF) signalling.In osteology, bone remodeling or bone metabolism is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation).
Cancellous bone or spongy bone, [12] [11] also known as trabecular bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network that follows the material properties of biofoams. [13] [14] Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible.
Onymacris unguicularis beetle with landmarks for morphometric analysis. In landmark-based geometric morphometrics, the spatial information missing from traditional morphometrics is contained in the data, because the data are coordinates of landmarks: discrete anatomical loci that are arguably homologous in all individuals in the analysis (i.e. they can be regarded as the "same" point in each ...
Normally, bone continuously breaks down and rebuilds—old bone is resorbed and replaced with new bone. The process keeps the skeleton strong and helps it to maintain a balance of minerals. [ 23 ] In the course of avascular necrosis, however, the healing process is usually ineffective and the bone tissues break down faster than the body can ...
Age, bone type, drug therapy and pre-existing bone pathology are factors that affect healing. The role of bone healing is to produce new bone without a scar as seen in other tissues which would be a structural weakness or deformity. [2] The process of the entire regeneration of the bone can depend on the angle of dislocation or fracture.
The function of some dermal bone is conserved throughout vertebrates, although there is variation in shape and in the number of bones in the skull roof and postcranial structures. In bony fish, dermal bone is found in the fin rays and scales. A special example of dermal bone is the clavicle. Some of the dermal bone functions regard ...
Foramen arcuale or a bony bridge above the vertebral artery on the posterior arch of the atlas may be present. This foramen has an overall prevalence of 9.1%. [ 8 ] Arch defects refer to the condition where a gap or cleft exists at the anterior arch or posterior arch of the atlas.