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  2. Free radical damage to DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_damage_to_DNA

    Hydroxyl radicals can attack the deoxyribose DNA backbone and bases, potentially causing a plethora of lesions that can be cytotoxic or mutagenic. Cells have developed complex and efficient repair mechanisms to fix the lesions. In the case of free radical attack on DNA, base-excision repair is the repair mechanism used. Hydroxyl radical ...

  3. Oxidative stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress

    Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury. Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [1]

  4. Antioxidative stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidative_stress

    Excess free-radicals that are not effectively scavenged and collected result in oxidative stress that can also be harmful. [ 8 ] Free-radicals are not the enemy that popular culture has made them out to be, as they aid in proper biochemical signaling that make them necessary in a healthy immune system.

  5. Reactive oxygen species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species

    Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination). Effects of ROS on cell metabolism are well documented in a variety of species. [ 20 ] These include not only roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death) but also positive effects such as the induction of host defence [ 37 ] [ 38 ...

  6. The #1 Protein You Should Be Eating to Help Lower ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/1-protein-eating-help-lower...

    Polyphenols are antioxidants that work to neutralize harmful free radicals, reducing oxidative stress that can damage cells and tissues. By combating inflammation, a key driver of many chronic ...

  7. Radiation damage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_damage

    Crosslinking describes the process through which carbon-centered radicals on different chains combine to form a network of crosslinks. In contrast, chain scission occurs when a carbon-centered radical on the polymer backbone reacts with another free radical, typically from oxygen in the atmosphere, causing a break in the main chain. Free ...

  8. Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [1] [2] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most organic radicals have short lifetimes.

  9. Women's heart disease risk can rise sharply after menopause ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/womens-heart-disease-risk...

    Estrogen is similarly sticky to free radicals, harmful stray molecules caused by oxidative stress. The hormone helps clear these away too, reducing inflammation. ... This is because women’s bad ...