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English: Newman projections of ethane conformations & their relative energy differences (not total energies). Conformations form when ethane rotates about one of its single covalent bond. Torsional/dihedral angle is shown on x-axis. Conformations (according to IUPAC): A: staggered B: eclipsed
In chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. [1] Such a conformation can exist in any open chain, single chemical bond connecting two sp 3 - hybridised atoms, and it is normally a conformational ...
The energy consumption can be 70% less than that of a standard incandescent light bulb. Claimed lifetime can be as long as 10,000 hours which is more than ten times that of a standard incandescent light bulb. [7] Unlike fluorescent lamps, which produce light through the electrical excitation of mercury vapor, ESL lamps do not use mercury. [8]
A Newman projection is a drawing that helps visualize the 3-dimensional structure of a molecule. [1] This projection most commonly sights down a carbon-carbon bond, making it a very useful way to visualize the stereochemistry of alkanes.
For comparison, a conventional incandescent light bulb of 60–100 watts emits around 15 lm/W, and standard fluorescent lights emit up to 100 lm/W. As of 2012 [update] , Philips had achieved the following efficacies for each color. [ 8 ]
A wedge base holds the lamp by spring compression in the socket. The lamp is inserted and removed without twisting. Wedge base lamps are widely used in automotive applications, and many Christmas lights strings use plastic wedge-based bulbs. Other wedge bases include strip lamps, sometimes called architectural lamps, with S14s connections ...
The suffix after the G indicates the pin spread; the G dates to the use of Glass for the original bulbs. GU usually also indicates that the lamp provides a mechanism for physical support by the luminaire: in some cases, each pin has a short section of larger diameter at the end (sometimes described as a "peg" rather than a "pin" [2]); the socket allows the bulb to lock into place by twisting ...
A wedge base is a type of electrical connector used as a fitting for small light bulbs. It is similar to the bi-pin connector , except that the two "pins" are the same wires that extend into the bulb (rather than being rigid), and the wires are bent up onto the sides of the base, where they make contact with the socket.