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A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality or its abstractions. [1] [2] Mental representation is the mental imagery of things that are not actually present to the senses. [3]
Initially, operations of reasoning have been the object of logic alone. Pierre Janet was one of the first to use the concept in psychology. Mental operations have been investigated at a developmental level by Jean Piaget, and from a psychometric perspective by J. P. Guilford. There is also a cognitive approach to the subject, as well as a ...
Propositional representation is the psychological theory, first developed in 1973 by Dr. Zenon Pylyshyn, [1] that mental relationships between objects are represented by symbols and not by mental images of the scene.
Whereas knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR, KR&R, or KR²) also aims to understand, reason and interpret knowledge. KRR is widely used in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) with the goal to represent information about the world in a form that a computer system can use to solve complex tasks, such as diagnosing a medical ...
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. [1] [2] Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
For example, a tsunami could also explain why the streets are wet but this is usually not the best explanation. As a form of non-deductive reasoning, abduction does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion even if the premises are true. [80] [82] The more plausible the explanation is, the stronger it is supported by the premises.
[82] [83] The effect is strongest for explanatory knowledge, whereas people tend to be better at self-assessments for procedural, narrative, or factual knowledge. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] Impostor Syndrome , a psychological occurrence in which an individual doubts their skills, talents, or accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being ...
One controversial theoretical issue is the identification of an appropriate competence model, or a standard against which to compare human reasoning. Initially classical logic was chosen as a competence model. [16] [17] Subsequently, some researchers opted for non-monotonic logic [18] [19] and Bayesian probability.