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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope .
A karyogram or idiogram is a graphical depiction of a karyotype, wherein chromosomes are generally organized in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. Karyotyping generally combines light microscopy and photography in the metaphase of the cell cycle , and results in a photomicrographic (or simply ...
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Human protein-coding gene pages: •Python code for maintaining the list •List of human protein-coding genes page 1 covers genes A1BG–EPGN •List of human protein-coding genes page 2 covers genes EPHA1–MTMR3
Schematic karyogram showing the human genome, with 23 chromosome pairs, and the human mitochondrial genome to scale at bottom left (annotated "MT").Its genome is relatively tiny compared to the rest, and its copy number per human cell varies from 0 (erythrocytes) [1] up to 1,500,000 ().
The red viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae) has a record C-value among mammals—9.2 pg. [18] Although tetrapoidy was first proposed to be a reason for its high genome size and diploid chromosome number, Svartman et al. [19] showed that the high genome size was due to the enormous amplification of heterochromatin.
Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 spans more than 61.7 million base pairs, the building material of DNA. It is considered the most gene-rich chromosome containing roughly 1,500 genes, despite accounting for only 2 percent of the human genome. [4] [5]
Aldabrachelys gigantea, Aldabra giant tortoise (2019 draft, [219] 2022 chromosome scale [220]) † Chelonoidis abingdonii , Pinta Island giant tortoise (2019 [ 219 ] ) Chelonoidis phantasticus , Fernandina Island Galapagos giant tortoise (2022 [ 221 ] )