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An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
As these chromosomes diverge from their autosomal ancestor and from each other as a homologous pair, they have the potential to increase or decrease in size due to mutation and recombination. In the case of Silene , the pair of automsomal chromosomes are transformed into heteromorphic sex-determining chromosomes expressed as XY.
Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation, or enzymes [1] [2] in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.
Somaclonal variation is the variation seen in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture. Chromosomal rearrangements are an important source of this variation. . The term somaclonal variation is a phenomenon of broad taxonomic occurrence, reported for species of different ploidy levels, and for outcrossing and inbreeding, vegetatively and seed propagated, and cultivated and non ...
Random mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutations are likely to be rare, and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances, the new alleles can be favored by natural selection. Polyploidy is an example of chromosomal mutation. Polyploidy is a condition wherein organisms have three or more sets of ...
No of chromosomes Organization Year of completion Assembly status Bretschneidera sinensis: Akaniaceae: endangered relic tree species 1.21 Gb 45,839 2022 [48] Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) Anacardiaceae: Used for food 18,397 2018 [49] [50] Begonia masoniana (Iron cross begonia) Begoniaceae: Flower 799.83 Mb 2022 [51] Begonia peltatifolia (Rex ...
ABC model of flower development guided by three groups of homeotic genes. The ABC model of flower development is a scientific model of the process by which flowering plants produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower.
Researchers have found that the morphology of these flowers is because of strong mutations in the AGAMOUS homolog in these plants, which leads to them making a large number of petals and sepals. [66] Several studies on diverse plants like petunia , tomato , impatiens , maize etc. have suggested that the enormous diversity of flowers is a result ...