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Loxoscelism (/ l ɒ k ˈ s ɒ s ɪ l ɪ z əm /) is a condition occasionally produced by the bite of the recluse spiders (genus Loxosceles).The area becomes dusky and a shallow open sore forms as the skin around the bite dies ().
The bite of a recluse spider can generally be categorized into one of the following groups: [8] Unremarkable – self-healing minute damage; Mild reaction – self-healing damage with itchiness, redness, patterns of aggressive behavior and a mild lesion. Dermonecrotic – the uncommon, "classic" recluse bite, producing a necrotic skin lesion.
Loxoscelidae; Sicariidae is a family of six-eyed venomous spiders known for their potentially necrotic bites. The family consists of three genera and about 160 species.
The brown recluse (Loxosceles reclusa, Sicariidae, formerly placed in a family "Loxoscelidae") is a recluse spider with necrotic venom. Similar to those of other recluse spiders, their bites sometimes require medical attention.
The Chilean recluse spider, Loxosceles laeta, is a highly venomous spider of the family Sicariidae.In Spanish, it (and other South American recluse spiders) is known as araña de rincón, or "corner spider"; in Brazilian Portuguese, as aranha-marrom or "brown spider".
The damaged tissue will become black and eventually slough away. Bites occur commonly during dressing as spiders are trapped in the sleeve or pant leg. Bites usually become painful and itchy within 2 to 8 hours, pain and other local effects worsen 12 to 36 hours after the bite with the necrosis developing over the next few days. [31]
Loxosceles deserta, commonly known as the desert recluse, is a recluse spider of the family Sicariidae. [1] It is found in Mexico and the United States. The desert recluse is commonly misidentified as L. unicolor (of South America) [2] or as L. reclusa (the brown recluse of the southern and midwestern states), two spiders which do not live anywhere near the vicinity.
L. rufescens is a cave-dwelling arachnid that is nearly indistinguishable in appearance from Loxosceles reclusa, the brown recluse spider.Individuals can be identified as medium-sized spiders distinguished by three pairs of two eyes organized in the shape of a triangle (spiders commonly have 8 eyes), with a violin-shaped pattern on their cephalothorax. [2]