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Reverberatory furnaces (in this context, usually called air furnaces) were formerly also used for melting brass, bronze, and pig iron for foundry work. They were also, for the first 75 years of the 20th century, the dominant smelting furnace used in copper production, treating either roasted calcine or raw copper sulfide concentrate. [ 1 ]
A metallurgical furnace, often simply referred to as a furnace when the context is known, is an industrial furnace used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals. Furnaces have been a central piece of equipment throughout the history of metallurgy ; processing metals with heat is even its own engineering specialty known as pyrometallurgy .
Making a ton of primary aluminum consumes at least 12,500 kW-hr, and most plants consume 14,500 to 15,000 kW-hr per ton of primary aluminum. [18] Secondary production of a given unit of aluminum requires about 10% of the electricity of primary production. The United States mined production of bauxite for primary aluminum production is ...
For example, an iron foundry (for cast iron) may use a cupola, induction furnace, or EAF, while a steel foundry will use an EAF or induction furnace. Bronze or brass foundries use crucible furnaces or induction furnaces. Most aluminium foundries use either electric resistance or gas heated crucible furnaces or reverberatory furnaces. [2]
Century Aluminum USA: Massena: 135,000: Alcoa - Massena Operations USA: New Madrid: 263,000: Magnitude7Metals [23] previously Noranda Aluminum, now owned by Swiss-based Granges [24] Curtailed January 2024 USA: Hawesville: 250,000: Century Aluminum of Kentucky LLC: Curtailed 7/2022 USA: Ferndale: 279,000: Alcoa - Intalco Aluminum Corp. Curtailed ...
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Straumsvik aluminum smelter, operated by Rio Tinto Alcan in Iceland. Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina , generally by the Hall-Héroult process . Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery .
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