Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca 2+ is important for cellular signalling , for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins .
Calcium can bind to several different calcium-modulated proteins such as troponin-C (the first one to be identified) and calmodulin, proteins that are necessary for promoting contraction in muscle. In the endothelial cells which line the inside of blood vessels, Ca 2+ ions can regulate several signaling pathways which cause the smooth muscle ...
Calcium is a chemical element; ... Calcium can play this role because the Ca 2+ ion forms stable ... Direct activation of enzymes by binding calcium is common; some ...
BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-amino phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid) is a calcium-specific aminopolycarboxylic acid. The presence of four carboxylic acid functional groups makes possible the binding of two calcium ions. The extensive flexibility of the carboxylate ligands is critical to the coordination of calcium and other metal ions.
Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved protein that is 148 amino acids long (16.7 kDa). The protein has two approximately symmetrical globular domains (the N- and C- domains) each containing a pair of EF hand motifs [5] separated by a flexible linker region for a total of four Ca 2+ binding sites, two in each globular domain. [6]
This protein can bind to around 50 Ca 2+, which decreases the amount of free Ca 2+ within the SR (as more is bound to calsequestrin). [8] Therefore, more calcium can be stored (the calsequestrin is said to be a buffer). It is primarily located within the junctional SR/luminal space, in close association with the calcium release channel ...
The sodium–calcium exchanger is only one of the systems by which the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions in the cell is kept low. The exchanger does not bind very tightly to Ca 2+ (has a low affinity), but it can transport the ions rapidly (has a high capacity), transporting up to five thousand Ca 2+ ions per second. [5]
Chemical compounds can bind to troponin C to act as troponin activators (calcium sensitizers) or troponin inhibitors (calcium desensitizers). There are already multiple troponin activators that bind to fast skeletal troponin C, of which tirasemtiv [ 53 ] has been tested in multiple clinical trials.