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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS, sometimes called Call-Fleming syndrome) is a disease characterized by a weeks-long course of thunderclap headaches, sometimes focal neurologic signs, and occasionally seizures. [1] Symptoms are thought to arise from transient abnormalities in the blood vessels of the brain. [1]
There are several theories as to why these blood vessels may become inappropriately permeable and allow the surrounding brain tissue to become swollen. The "vasogenic" theory posits that elevated blood pressure overcomes the normal capability of blood vessels in the brain to maintain a normal cerebral blood flow .
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The most definitive diagnostic modality is a biopsy of the affected blood vessel however brain biopsy has a low yield, with up to 30-50% of biopsies being normal in suspected cases. [5] This is due to some cases having an irregular distribution of vessel involvement (making biopsy technically difficult) or larger vessels being unable to be ...
Extracellular brain edema, or vasogenic edema, is caused by an increase in the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. [18] The blood–brain barrier consists of astrocytes and pericytes joined with adhesion proteins producing tight junctions. [1] Return of blood flow to these cells after an ischemic stroke can cause excitotoxicity and ...
Cerebral small vessel disease is a heterogeneous condition involving damage to the small blood vessels in the brain, leading to brain tissue damage and atrophy of the brain structures.
When examining blood oxygen levels, scientists found that lower oxygen levels during sleep was correlated with both higher hippocampal volume and white matter hyperintensities, or areas of brain ...
Cerebral atherosclerosis is a type of atherosclerosis where build-up of plaque in the blood vessels of the brain occurs. Some of the main components of the plaques are connective tissue, extracellular matrix, including collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin, and elastic fibers; crystalline cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids; cells such as monocyte derived macrophages, T ...