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Waddington used the concept of canalisation to explain his experiments on genetic assimilation. [3] In these experiments, he exposed Drosophila pupae to heat shock. This environmental disturbance caused some flies to develop a crossveinless phenotype.
Robert Treat "Bob" Paine III (April 13, 1933 – June 13, 2016) was an American ecologist who spent most of his career at the University of Washington.Paine coined the keystone species [1] [2] [3] concept to explain the relationship between Pisaster ochraceus, a species of starfish, and Mytilus californianus, a species of mussel.
Student's t-test, Analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test Repeated measures design A research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods.
By stotting (also called pronking), a springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) signals honestly to predators that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing.. Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
In evolutionary biology, function is the reason some object or process occurred in a system that evolved through natural selection.That reason is typically that it achieves some result, such as that chlorophyll helps to capture the energy of sunlight in photosynthesis.
In base 2, 10110 (22 in decimal) has been proven to be a Lychrel number, since after 4 steps it reaches 10110100, after 8 steps it reaches 1011101000, after 12 steps it reaches 101111010000, and in general after 4n steps it reaches a number consisting of 10, followed by n + 1 ones, followed by 01, followed by n + 1 zeros. This number obviously ...
Antigenic variation can result from gene conversion, [1] site-specific DNA inversions, [2] hypermutation, [3] or recombination of sequence cassettes. [4] The result is that even a clonal population of pathogens expresses a heterogeneous phenotype. [5] Many of the proteins known to show antigenic or phase variation are related to virulence. [6]
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation.They prevent members of different species from producing offspring, or ensure that any offspring are sterile.