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C# 8.0 introduces null-coalescing ... convenient syntax for initialization of arrays. ... in C# 2.0 firstly to enable value types to be null (useful when working with ...
The lazy initialization technique allows us to do this in just O(m) operations, rather than spending O(m+n) operations to first initialize all array cells. The technique is simply to allocate a table V storing the pairs ( k i , v i ) in some arbitrary order, and to write for each i in the cell T [ k i ] the position in V where key k i is stored ...
(However, default initialization to 0 is a right practice for pointers and arrays of pointers, since it makes them invalid before they are actually initialized to their correct value.) In C, variables with static storage duration that are not initialized explicitly are initialized to zero (or null, for pointers).
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
When an array of objects is declared, e.g. MyClass x[10];; or allocated dynamically, e.g. new MyClass [10]. The default constructor of MyClass is used to initialize all the elements. When a derived class constructor does not explicitly call the base class constructor in its initializer list, the default constructor for the base class is called.
With lazy initialization, the object is first set to null. Whenever the object is requested, the object is checked, and if it is null, the object is then immediately created and returned. For example, lazy loading for a widget can be implemented in the C# programming language as such:
C# allows value/primitive/simple types to be "lifted" to allow the special null value in addition to the type's native values. A type is lifted by adding a ? suffix to the type name; this is equivalent to using the Nullable<T> generic type, where T is the type to be lifted. Conversions are implicitly defined to convert between values of the ...
In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".