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[6] 99% of the female athletes at those competitions had testosterone levels below 3.08 nmol/L. [6] However, a study of endocrine profiles in 693 elite female and male athletes published in 2014 found that only 13.7% of the elite female athletes had high levels of testosterone while as many as 16.5% of the elite male athletes had low levels of ...
Testosterone levels in males and females ; Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units ; Infant: Premature (26–28 weeks) 59–125 ng/dL: 2.047–4.337 nmol/L
After Champions fourth edition was released in 1989, a stripped-down version of its ruleset with no superhero or other genre elements was released as The Hero System Rulesbook in 1990. As a spinoff of Champions , the Hero System is considered to have started with 4th edition (as it is mechanically identical to Champions 4th edition), rather ...
The free androgen index is intended to give a guide to the free testosterone level, but it is not very accurate (especially in males — see endocrine society commentary below). Consequently, there are no universally agreed 'normal ranges', and levels slightly above or below quoted laboratory reference ranges may not be clinically significant.
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Normal total testosterone levels depend on the man's age but generally range from 240 to 950 ng/dL (nanograms per deciliter) or 8.3–32.9 nmol/L (nanomoles per liter). [11] According to American Urological Association, the diagnosis of low testosterone can be supported when the total testosterone level is below 300 ng/dl. [ 12 ]
In trained long term aerobic exercisers, basal levels are unchanged, [10] or decreased. [9] [11] Acutely, endurance based aerobic efforts cause testosterone to rise.[12]A year long, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program increased DHT and SHBG in sedentary men age 40–75, but had no effect on other androgens.
Champions was included in the 2007 book Hobby Games: The 100 Best. Game designer Bill Bridges described Champions as "the superhero roleplaying game. While it wasn't the first game on the market that let you play superheroes and duke it out with supervillains, using earth-shattering powers, it was the most innovative.