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  2. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    If the initial amount p leads to a percent change x, and the second percent change is y, then the final amount is p (1 + 0.01 x)(1 + 0.01 y). To change the above example, after an increase of x = 10 percent and decrease of y = −5 percent, the final amount, $209, is 4.5% more than the initial amount of $200.

  3. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

    3.37° 5.9%: 59‰ 1 in 17: Swannington incline on the Leicester and Swannington Railway: 2.86° 5%: 50‰ 1 in 20: Matheran Hill Railway. The incline from the Crawlerway at the Kennedy Space Center to the launch pads. [5] [6] 2.29° 4%: 40‰ 1 in 25: Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line: 2.0° 3.5%: 35‰ 1 in 28.57: LGV Sud-Est, LGV Est ...

  4. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    For larger scales the sum of the angles of a triangle is not equal to 180°. Geometry is one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It started with empirical recipes concerning shapes, such as lines , angles and circles , which were developed mainly for the needs of surveying and architecture , but has since blossomed out into many other subfields.

  5. 37 (number) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37_(number)

    37 is a prime number, [1] a sexy prime, and a Padovan prime 37 is the first irregular prime with irregularity index of 1. [ 2 ] 37 is the smallest non-supersingular prime in moonshine theory . 37 is also an emirp because it remains prime when its digits are reversed.

  6. Algebra of random variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_random_variables

    If X = X * then the random variable X is called "real". An expectation E on an algebra A of random variables is a normalized, positive linear functional. What this means is that E[k] = k where k is a constant; E[X * X] ≥ 0 for all random variables X; E[X + Y] = E[X] + E[Y] for all random variables X and Y; and; E[kX] = kE[X] if k is a constant.

  7. List of unusual units of measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unusual_units_of...

    It is equal to one picocurie of Sr-90 per gram of body calcium. Since about 2% of the human body mass is calcium, and Sr-90 has a half-life of 28.78 years, releasing 6.697+2.282 MeV per disintegration, this works out to about 1.065 × 10 −12 grays per second. The permissible body burden was established at 1,000 S.U.

  8. Abundance of elements in Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in...

    Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number; [5] siderophiles shown in yellow Graphs of abundance against atomic number can reveal patterns relating abundance to stellar nucleosynthesis and geochemistry.

  9. List of countries by government debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    To make the numbers comparable across countries of different size, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country's gross domestic product (GDP). For context on the magnitude of the debt numbers, European Union member countries have an agreement, the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), to maintain a general government gross debt of no ...