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Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for his age. [ 1 ]
The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
Considering accommodative status, hyperopia can be classified as: [7] [2] Total hypermetropia: It is the total amount of hyperopia which is obtained after complete relaxation of accommodation using cycloplegics like atropine. Latent hyperopia: It is the amount of hyperopia normally corrected by ciliary tone (approximately 1 diopter).
Accommodative infacility also known as accommodative inertia [1] is the inability to change the accommodation of the eye with enough speed and accuracy to achieve normal function. This can result in visual fatigue , headaches , and difficulty reading . [ 2 ]
Accommodative insufficiency is the condition where amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for their age. [50] Premature sclerosis of lens or ciliary muscle weaknesses due to systemic or local cases may cause accommodative insufficiency. [ 50 ]
A spasm of accommodation (also known as a ciliary spasm, an accommodation, or accommodative spasm) is a condition in which the ciliary muscle of the eye remains in a constant state of contraction. Normal accommodation allows the eye to "accommodate" for near-vision. However, in a state of perpetual contraction, the ciliary muscle cannot relax ...
Presbyopia is a physiological insufficiency of optical accommodation associated with the aging of the eye; it results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects. [4] Also known as age-related farsightedness [ 5 ] (or as age-related long sight in the UK [ 6 ] ), it affects many adults over the age of 40.
Accommodative excess may occur secondary to convergence insufficiency also. In convergence insufficiency near point of convergence will recede, and positive fusional vergence (PFV) will reduce. So, the patient uses excessive accommodation to stimulate accommodative convergence to overcome reduced PFV.