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The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current.
The fractional quantum Hall effect is more complicated and still considered an open research problem. [2] Its existence relies fundamentally on electron–electron interactions. In 1988, it was proposed that there was a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels. [3] This quantum Hall effect is referred to as the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect.
Chemical Physics Reviews: Chem. Phys. Rev. AIP 2020–present ISSN 2688-4070: Computers in Physics: Comput. Phys. AIP 1987–1998 [note 2] ISSN 0894-1866 (print) Journal of Applied Physics: J. Appl. Phys. AIP 1931–present ISSN 0021-8979 (print) ISSN 1089-7550 (web) The Journal of Chemical Physics: J. Chem. Phys. AIP 1933–present ISSN 0021 ...
The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a collective behavior in a 2D system of electrons. In particular magnetic fields, the electron gas condenses into a remarkable liquid state, which is very delicate, requiring high quality material with a low carrier concentration, and extremely low temperatures.
The result of the measurement is called the "Hall mobility" (meaning "mobility inferred from a Hall-effect measurement"). Consider a semiconductor sample with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figures, a current is flowing in the x-direction and a magnetic field is applied in the z-direction.
Hall effect magnetometers (also called tesla meters or gauss meters) use a Hall probe [23] with a Hall element to measure magnetic fields or inspect materials (such as tubing or pipelines) using the principles of magnetic flux leakage. A Hall probe is a device that uses a calibrated Hall effect sensor to directly measure the strength of a ...
The van der Pauw Method is a technique commonly used to measure the resistivity and the Hall coefficient of a sample. Its strength lies in its ability to accurately measure the properties of a sample of any arbitrary shape, as long as the sample is approximately two-dimensional (i.e. it is much thinner than it is wide), solid (no holes), and the electrodes are placed on its perimeter.
The fractional quantum Hall effect of electrons is thus explained as the integer quantum Hall effect of composite fermions. [5] It results in fractionally quantized Hall plateaus at =, with given by above quantized values. These sequences terminate at the composite fermion Fermi sea.