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The propagating cipher block chaining [25] or plaintext cipher-block chaining [26] mode was designed to cause small changes in the ciphertext to propagate indefinitely when decrypting, as well as when encrypting. In PCBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with both the previous plaintext block and the previous ciphertext block before being ...
Block ciphers can be used to build other cryptographic primitives, such as those below. For these other primitives to be cryptographically secure, care has to be taken to build them the right way. Stream ciphers can be built using block ciphers. OFB mode and CTR mode are block modes that turn a block cipher into a stream cipher.
Pages in category "Block cipher modes of operation" ... Block cipher mode of operation; A. AES-GCM-SIV; C. CBC-MAC; CCM mode; CWC mode; D. Disk encryption theory; E.
KHAZAD – 64-bit block designed by Barretto and Rijmen; Khufu and Khafre – 64-bit block ciphers; Kuznyechik – Russian 128-bit block cipher, defined in GOST R 34.12-2015 and RFC 7801. LION – block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson; LOKI89/91 – 64-bit block ciphers; LOKI97 – 128-bit block cipher, AES ...
CCM mode (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both authentication and confidentiality. CCM mode is only defined for block ciphers with a block length of 128 bits. [1] [2]
Cipher-block chaining (CBC) mode is an example of block cipher mode of operation. Some block cipher modes (CBC and PCBC essentially) for symmetric-key encryption algorithms require plain text input that is a multiple of the block size, so messages may have to be padded to bring them to this length.
The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing , it is one of the more popular modes of operation for whole-disk encryption. XEX is also a common form of key whitening, and part of some smart card proposals. [1] [2]
Ciphertext stealing for ECB mode requires the plaintext to be longer than one block. A possible workaround is to use a stream cipher-like block cipher mode of operation when the plaintext length is one block or less, such as the CTR, CFB or OFB modes. Ciphertext stealing for CBC mode doesn't necessarily require the plaintext to be longer than ...