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[citation needed] Parasympathomimetic drugs (saliva stimulants) such as pilocarpine may improve xerostomia symptoms and other problems associated with salivary gland dysfunction, but the evidence for treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia is limited. [27] Both stimulants and substitutes relieve symptoms to some extent. [28]
Xerostomia, or a decrease in saliva flow, can be a side effect of many drugs, which, in turn, can lead to the development of taste disturbances such as dysgeusia. [39] Patients can lessen the effects of xerostomia with breath mints, sugarless gum, or lozenges; or physicians can increase saliva flow with artificial saliva or oral pilocarpine. [39]
Pilocarpine stimulates the secretion of large amounts of saliva and sweat. [16] It is used to prevent or treat dry mouth, particularly in Sjögren syndrome, but also as a side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. [17] It may be used to help differentiate Adie syndrome from other causes of unequal pupil size. [18] [19]
Other potential symptoms include: nausea and vomiting, a decreased level of consciousness, and breathing difficulties. [2] Symptoms usually begin within 6 hours of taking the medication by mouth. [2] With extended release formulations symptoms may not occur for up to a day. [2] Seizures are rare in adults but in children occur more often. [2]
The following are used in dentistry to treat xerostomia: [3] Parasympathomimetic drugs act on parasympathetic muscarinic receptors to induce an increased saliva flow. The M3 receptor has been identified as the principal target to increase salivary flow rates. [4] Pilocarpine is an example; the maximum dose of this drug is 30 mg/day ...
Cevimeline is used in the treatment of xerostomia (dry mouth) [1 ... thereby alleviating dry mouth. ... Pilocarpine — a similar parasympathomimetic medication for ...
Pilocarpine is a drug that acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist that is used to treat glaucoma Cevimeline (AF102B) (Evoxac®) is a muscarinic agonist that is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- approved drug and used for the management of dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome
Dry mouth (xerostomia) is frequently caused by medication and to a lesser extent, by anxiety or Sjögren's syndrome. [6] It can be useful to have the extent of dryness recorded. That is, if a person has a complaint of a dry mouth, the clinician can apply the Challacombe scale to determine its severity and whether treatment is required.
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