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  2. Byzantine Iconoclasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm

    Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov Psalter, 9th century. [10]Christian worship by the sixth century had developed a clear belief in the intercession of saints. This belief was also influenced by a concept of hierarchy of sanctity, with the Trinity at its pinnacle, followed by the Virgin Mary, referred to in Greek as the Theotokos ("birth-giver of God") or Meter Theou ("Mother of God"), the saints ...

  3. Council of Constantinople (843) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople...

    The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195046528. Humphreys, Mike (2021). A Companion to Byzantine Iconoclasm. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Vol. 99. Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004462007. Mango, Cyril (1975). Liquidation of Iconoclasm and Patriarch Photios. Routledge. Talbot, Alice-Mary (1998).

  4. Twelve Apostles in art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Apostles_in_art

    Later, the period of Byzantine iconoclasm saw an imperial policy that destroyed and banned icons within the period between 726 and 843, standardising and restricting later depictions of icons. [29] Iconoclasm was a result of the fear of worship of the image, rather than the apostles or holy figure. Instead, the cross only was promoted as a form ...

  5. Chludov Psalter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chludov_Psalter

    It is a unique monument of Byzantine art at the time of the Iconoclasm, one of only three illuminated Byzantine Psalters to survive from the 9th century. According to one tradition, the miniatures are supposed to have been created clandestinely, and many of them are directed against Iconoclasts.

  6. Iconoclasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoclasm

    Iconoclasm (from Greek: εἰκών, eikṓn, 'figure, icon' + κλάω, kláō, 'to break') [i] is the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments, most frequently for religious or political reasons.

  7. Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_of_the_Triumph_of...

    The usage of gold leaf in Byzantine artwork is indicative that the work is meant to be divine and spiritual. [14] The icon was created by incorporating egg tempera on gold leaf over a wooden panel. [4] The wood panel then is covered with gesso and linen. [4] [5] The icon has a height of 37.8 cm, a width of 31.4 cm and a depth of 5.3 cm. [4]

  8. Virgin of Vladimir - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_of_Vladimir

    Our Lady of Vladimir, egg tempera on wood panel, 104 by 69 centimetres (41 in × 27 in), painted about 1131 in Constantinople The Virgin of Vladimir, also known as Vladimir Mother of God, Our Lady of Vladimir [1] (Russian: Владимирская икона Божией Матери [a]), is a 12th-century Byzantine icon depicting the Virgin and Child and an early example of the Eleusa ...

  9. Byzantine art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_art

    Byzantine art comprises the body of artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, [1] as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Though the empire itself emerged from the decline of western Rome and lasted until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, [2] the start date of the Byzantine period is rather clearer in art history than in political history, if still ...