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The history of childhood has been a topic of interest in social history since the highly influential book Centuries of Childhood, published by French historian Philippe Ariès in 1960. He argued " childhood " as a concept was created by modern society.
Also called "development in context" or "human ecology" theory, ecological systems theory was originally formulated by Urie Bronfenbrenner.It specifies four types of nested environmental systems, with bi-directional influences within and between the systems; they are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.
Childhood studies or children's studies (CS) is a multidisciplinary field that seeks to understand the experience of childhood, both historically and in the contemporary world. CS views childhood as a complex social phenomenon [ 1 ] with an emphasis on children's agency as social actors, [ 2 ] and acknowledges that childhood is socially ...
Reflecting General Comment 7, the Jomtien Declaration explicitly stated that 'learning begins at birth', and called for 'early childhood care and initial education' (Article 5). This novel recognition of ECCE as an integral part of basic education featured again in the major goals adopted at the 1990 UN World Summit for Children.
Huck's Raft is a history of American childhood and youth, written by Steven Mintz. The 2006 H-Net review wrote that the book was the best single-volume history of its kind. The 2006 H-Net review wrote that the book was the best single-volume history of its kind.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to childhood: . Children – biologically, a child (plural: children) is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty.
Important works studying biological stages of human young were published from the 1990s onwards. In Evolutionary Hypotheses for Human Childhood (1997), [22] Barry Bogin argued that "childhood" was a unique social as well as physiological stage in human life when compared to other great apes and explored models and mechanisms for why childhood evolved.
[11] Optimal development in early childhood can be disrupted by various adversities concerning a child's environments and relationships with caregivers. These adversities vary in intensity and range from violence in the home, neglect, abuse, lack of opportunity for play and cognitive stimulation, and parental ill-health.