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  2. Antecedent (grammar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(grammar)

    The last two examples are particularly interesting, because they show that some proforms can even take discontinuous word combinations as antecedents, i.e. the antecedents are not constituents. A particularly frequent type of proform occurs in relative clauses. Many relative clauses contain a relative pronoun, and these relative pronouns have ...

  3. Precedent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precedent

    Precedent is a judicial decision that serves as an authority for courts when deciding subsequent identical or similar cases. [1] [2] [3] Fundamental to common law legal systems, precedent operates under the principle of stare decisis ("to stand by things decided"), where past judicial decisions serve as case law to guide future rulings, thus promoting consistency and predictability.

  4. Common law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law

    Historically, Scottish common law differed in that the use of precedent was subject to the courts' seeking to discover the principle that justifies a law rather than searching for an example as a precedent, [107] and principles of natural justice and fairness have always played a role in Scots Law.

  5. List of landmark court decisions in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_court...

    Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48 (2010) A sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole may not be imposed on juvenile non-homicide offenders. Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012) A sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole may not be a mandatory sentence for juvenile offenders. Ramos v.

  6. Antecedent (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(logic)

    Examples: If , then . This is a nonlogical formulation of a hypothetical proposition. In this case, the antecedent is P, and the consequent is Q. In the implication " ...

  7. Per curiam decision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_curiam_decision

    In law, a per curiam decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather ascribed to the entire court or panel of judges who heard the case. [1]

  8. Lists of landmark court decisions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_landmark_court...

    Sometimes, with regard to a particular provision of a written constitution, only one court decision has been made. By necessity, until further rulings are made, this ruling is the leading case. For example, in Canada, "[t]he leading case on voting rights and electoral boundary readjustment is Carter.

  9. Obiter dictum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiter_dictum

    [10] [11] [3] [12] [13] One example in the Supreme Court's history is the 1886 case Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. . A passing remark from Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite , recorded by the court reporter before oral argument, now forms the basis for the doctrine that juristic persons are entitled to protection under the ...