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  2. Galilean moons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_moons

    Ganymede's larger mass means that it would have migrated inward at a faster rate than Europa or Io. [55] Tidal dissipation in the Jovian system is still ongoing and Callisto will likely be captured into the resonance in about 1.5 billion years, creating a 1:2:4:8 chain.

  3. Absolute space and time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time

    A more recent form of these objections was made by Ernst Mach. Mach's principle proposes that mechanics is entirely about relative motion of bodies and, in particular, mass is an expression of such relative motion. So, for example, a single particle in a universe with no other bodies would have zero mass.

  4. Universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe

    The nature of both dark energy and dark matter is unknown. Dark matter, a mysterious form of matter that has not yet been identified, accounts for 26.8% of the cosmic contents. Dark energy, which is the energy of empty space and is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate, accounts for the remaining 68.3% of the contents. [8] [92] [93]

  5. Big Bang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

    The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. [1] The concept of an expanding universe was scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations.

  6. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    Dark matter constitutes about 26.5% [11] of the mass–energy density of the universe. The remaining 4.9% [11] comprises all ordinary matter observed as atoms, chemical elements, gas and plasma, the stuff of which visible planets, stars and galaxies are made. The great majority of ordinary matter in the universe is unseen, since visible stars ...

  7. Atomism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism

    This Classical Latin scientific work in poetic form illustrates several segments of Epicurean theory on how the universe came into its current stage; it shows that the phenomena we perceive are actually composite forms. The atoms and the void are eternal and in constant motion.

  8. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

    In Einstein's theory, energy and momentum distort spacetime in their vicinity, and other particles move in trajectories determined by the geometry of spacetime. This allowed a description of the motions of light and mass that was consistent with all available observations.

  9. Hubble's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble's_law

    If the universe is matter-dominated, then the mass density of the universe ρ can be taken to include just matter so = =, where ρ m 0 is the density of matter today. From the Friedmann equation and thermodynamic principles we know for non-relativistic particles that their mass density decreases proportional to the inverse volume of the ...