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As of 2024, Russia has four autonomous okrugs of its 83 federal subjects. [a] The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the only okrug which is not subordinate to an oblast. The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are parts of Tyumen Oblast.
In 2009, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production. [ 31 ] The region is the most important to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there.
An official government translation of the Constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian ...
The autonomous okrug covers an area of over 737,700 square kilometers (284,800 sq mi), and is the seventh-largest federal subject in Russia, although it has a population of only 50,526. [ 13 ] Chukotka is the second-least-populated federal subject, and the least densely populated federal subject in Russia.
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug[ 9 ] (Russian: Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг; Nenets: Ненэцие" автономной округ’, romanized:Nyeneciye” awtonomnoy okruk’[ 10 ]) is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Naryan-Mar.
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast(JAO)[a]is a federal subjectof Russiain the far eastof the country, bordering Khabarovsk Kraiand Amur Oblastin Russia and Heilongjiangprovince in China.[13] Its administrative centeris the townof Birobidzhan. The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934.
Birobidzhan (Russian: Биробиджан, IPA: [bʲɪrəbʲɪˈdʐan]; Yiddish: ביראָבידזשאַן, IPA: [ˌbɪrɔbɪˈdʒan]), also spelt Birobijan (/ ˌ b ɪr ə b ɪ ˈ dʒ ɑː n / BIRR-ə-bih-JAHN), is a town and the administrative centre of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway, near the China–Russia border.
The names of two autonomous regions of Russia (Nenets, Yamal-Nenets) mention the Nenets as the titular nationality of the region; another such district (Taimyrsky (Dolgano-Nenetsky) Autonomous Okrug) was abolished in 2007 and transformed into the Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of the Krasnoyarsk Krai.