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In physics, string theoryis a theoretical frameworkin which the point-like particlesof particle physicsare replaced by one-dimensionalobjects called strings. String theory describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other. On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string looks just like an ordinary ...
1943–1959: S-matrix theory. String theory represents an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, [1] a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 [2] following John Archibald Wheeler 's 1937 introduction of the S-matrix. [3] Many prominent theorists picked up and advocated S-matrix theory, starting in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s.
Leonard Susskind. Leonard Susskind (/ ˈsʌskɪnd /; born June 16, 1940) [ 2 ][ 3 ] is an American theoretical physicist, Professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University and founding director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics ...
Michio Kaku (Japanese: カク ミチオ, 加來 道雄, / ˈmiːtʃioʊˈkɑːkuː /; born January 24, 1947) is an American physicist, science communicator, futurologist, and writer of popular-science. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku is the author of several books about ...
Doctoral advisor. Graham G. Ross James Binney. Brian Randolph Greene[ 1 ] (born February 9, 1963) is an American physicist known for his research on string theory. He is a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University and the chairman of the World Science Festival, which he co-founded in 2008.
Ashoke Sen. Ashoke Sen FRS (/ əˈʃoʊksɛn /; born 1956) is an Indian theoretical physicist and distinguished professor at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Bangalore. [ 1 ] A former distinguished professor at the Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad, [ 2 ] He is also an honorary fellow in National Institute of ...
In the 1970s he was a co-inventor of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which explains the confinement of quarks in mesons and baryons and forms a large part of the Standard Model of elementary particles and forces. Murray Gell-Mann received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles.
The four physicists were colloquially known as the "Princeton string quartet". [2] Harvey is a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [3] He is a trustee at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He received the Dirac Medal in 2023. [4]