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The 1997 International Germ Cell Consensus Classification [17] is a tool for estimating the risk of relapse after treatment of malignant germ-cell tumor. A small study of ovarian tumors in girls [ 18 ] reports a correlation between cystic and benign tumors, and conversely, solid and malignant tumors.
Early-stage thymic carcinoma is generally asymptomatic, and the development of symptoms is indicative of an advanced stage cancer. [3] Signs and symptoms are non-specific and include chest pain, persistent cough, and difficulty breathing, which are related to progressive tumor compression of anterior chest wall structures. [4]
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic [ 1 ] cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to the malignant end of the spectrum in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It is also classified as a germ cell tumor and may arise in the testis or ovary.
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...
Specialty. Oncology. Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is a cancer that is determined to be at the metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis, but a primary tumor cannot be identified. A diagnosis of CUP requires a clinical picture consistent with metastatic disease and one or more biopsy results inconsistent with a tumor cancer.
Most mediastinal malignant tumors are large and cause symptoms by compressing or invading adjacent structures, including the lungs, pleura, pericardium, and chest wall. Seminomas grow relatively slowly and can become very large before causing symptoms. Tumors 20 to 30 cm in diameter can exist with minimal symptomatology.
Relative incidences of testicular tumors, showing seminoma at bottom left. [2] A seminoma is a germ cell tumor of the testicle or, more rarely, the mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations. It is a malignant neoplasm and is one of the most treatable and curable cancers, with a survival rate above 95% if discovered in early stages.
There are various mediastinal tumors, and they are classified by their location in the chest. Notable examples include germ cell tumors and lymphomas. [12] Teratomas are a class of germ cell tumors that arise in the chest due to failure of germ cell migration during development. They can expand to large sizes and cause hemoptysis and pleural ...