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The individuals of many taxonomic groups of animals, primarily invertebrates, are hermaphrodites, capable of producing viable gametes of both sexes. In the great majority of tunicates , mollusks , and earthworms , hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male.
Intersex is a general term for an organism that has sex characteristics that are between male and female. [1] It typically applies to a minority of members of gonochoric animal species such as mammals (as opposed to hermaphroditic species in which the majority of members can have both male and female sex characteristics). [2]
Hermaphroditic species (some animals and most flowering plants [187]) are represented by individuals that can express both sexes simultaneously or sequentially during their lifetimes. [188] Intersex individuals in a number of gonochoric species, who express both female and male phenotypic characters to some degree, [ 189 ] are known to exist at ...
Those that change gonadal sex can have both female and male germ cells in the gonads or can change from one complete gonadal type to the other during their last life stage. [ 7 ] In plants, individual flowers are called dichogamous if their function has the two sexes separated in time, although the plant as a whole may have functionally male ...
Some species even have the sex determination region different among individuals within the same species (intraspecific variation). [45] [46] [47] In some species, some populations have homomorphic sex chromosomes while other populations have heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The New Zealand frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, uses a supernumerary sex ...
Simultaneous hermaphroditism is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being sequential hermaphroditism.In this form of hermaphroditism an individual has sex organs of both sexes and can produce both gamete types [1] even in the same breeding season.
A few arthropods, such as barnacles, are hermaphroditic, that is, each can have the organs of both sexes. However, individuals of most species remain of one sex their entire lives. [ 29 ] A few species of insects and crustaceans can reproduce by parthenogenesis , especially if conditions favor a "population explosion".
The hemipenis is the intromittent organ of Squamata, [4] which is the second largest order of vertebrates with over 9,000 species distributed around the world. They differ from the intromittent organs of most other amniotes such as mammals, archosaurs and turtles that have a single genital tubercle, as squamates have the paired genitalia remaining separate. [5]