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Recall bias is of particular concern in retrospective studies that use a case-control design to investigate the etiology of a disease or psychiatric condition. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] For example, in studies of risk factors for breast cancer , women who have had the disease may search their memories more thoroughly than members of the unaffected ...
Development of executive functions tends to occur in spurts, when new skills, strategies, and forms of awareness emerge. These spurts are thought to reflect maturational events in the frontal areas of the brain. [27] Attentional control appears to emerge in infancy and develop rapidly in early childhood.
Automatic and controlled processes. Automatic and controlled processes ( ACP) are the two categories of cognitive processing. All cognitive processes fall into one or both of those two categories. The amounts of "processing power", attention, and effort a process requires is the primary factor used to determine whether it's a controlled or an ...
Observational methods in psychological research entail the observation and description of a subject's behavior. Researchers utilizing the observational method can exert varying amounts of control over the environment in which the observation takes place. This makes observational research a sort of middle ground between the highly controlled ...
Critical incident stress management ( CISM) was a controversial process of psychological first aid which focused solely on an immediate and identifiable problem. It included pre-incident preparedness and acute crisis management through post-crisis follow-up. The purpose of CISM is to decrease the likelihood of post-traumatic stress disorder ...
Team building. The US military uses lifting a log as a team-building exercise. Team building is a collective term for various types of activities used to enhance social relations and define roles within teams, often involving collaborative tasks. It is distinct from team training, which is designed by a combination of business managers ...
Psychology. Cognitive flexibility[ note 1] is an intrinsic property of a cognitive system often associated with the mental ability to adjust its activity and content, switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them. [ 1] The term ...
Prospective memory is a form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or recall a planned intention at some future point in time. [ 1] Prospective memory tasks are common in daily life and range from the relatively simple to extreme life-or-death situations. [ 2] Examples of simple tasks include remembering to put the ...