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  2. Geodetic datum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum

    A vertical datum is a reference surface for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth features including terrain, bathymetry, water level, and human-made structures. An approximate definition of sea level is the datum WGS 84 , an ellipsoid , whereas a more accurate definition is Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008), using at least ...

  3. Vertical datum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_datum

    In geodesy, surveying, hydrography and navigation, vertical datum or altimetric datum is a reference coordinate surface used for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth-bound features ( terrain, bathymetry, water level, and built structures) and altitudes of satellite orbits and in aviation . In planetary science, vertical datums ...

  4. Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical...

    In the standard language ( 표준어; 標準語) of South Korea, punctuation marks are used differently in horizontal and vertical writing. Western punctuation marks are used in horizontal writing and the Japanese punctuation marks are used in vertical writing. However, vertical writing using Western punctuation marks is sometimes found.

  5. Horizontal position representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_position...

    The most common horizontal position representation is latitude and longitude. The parameters are intuitive and well known, and are thus suited for communicating a position to humans, e.g. using a position plot. However, latitude and longitude should be used with care in mathematical expressions (including calculations in computer programs).

  6. Vertical–horizontal illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verticalhorizontal_illusion

    The verticalhorizontal illusion is the tendency for observers to overestimate the length of a vertical line relative to a horizontal line of the same length. [1] This involves a bisecting component that causes the bisecting line to appear longer than the line that is bisected. People often overestimate or underestimate the length of the ...

  7. Y-intercept - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-intercept

    Y-intercept. Graph with the -axis as the horizontal axis and the -axis as the vertical axis. The -intercept of is indicated by the red dot at . In analytic geometry, using the common convention that the horizontal axis represents a variable and the vertical axis represents a variable , a -intercept or vertical intercept is a point where the ...

  8. Vertical exaggeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_exaggeration

    The vertical exaggeration is given by: = where VS is the vertical scale and HS is the horizontal scale, both given as representative fractions.. For example, if 1 centimetre (0.39 in) vertically represents 200 metres (660 ft) and 1 centimetre (0.39 in) horizontally represents 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), the vertical exaggeration, 20×, is given by:

  9. Vertical and horizontal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_and_horizontal

    In the three-dimensional case, the situation is more complicated as now one has horizontal and vertical planes in addition to horizontal and vertical lines. Consider a point P and designate a direction through P as vertical. A plane which contains P and is normal to the designated direction is the horizontal plane at P.