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The replication fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication. It is produced by enzymes called helicases that break the hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA strands together in a helix. The resulting structure has two branching "prongs", each one made up of a single strand of DNA.
Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome . DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand. To synthesize DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ...
Replicon (genetics) A replicon is a region of an organism's genome that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication [citation needed]. A bacterial chromosome contains a single origin, and therefore the whole bacterial chromosome is a replicon. The chromosomes of archaea and eukaryotes can have multiple origins of replication ...
Postreplication repair is the repair of damage to the DNA that takes place after replication . Some example genes in humans include: BRCA2 and BRCA1. BLM. NBS1. Accurate and efficient DNA replication is crucial for the health and survival of all living organisms. Under optimal conditions, the replicative DNA polymerases ε, δ, and α can work ...
The temporal order of replication of all the segments in the genome, called its replication-timing program, can now be easily measured in two different ways. [1] One way simply measures the amount of the different DNA sequences along the length of the chromosome per cell. Sequences that duplicate first, long before cell division, will be more ...
Gene duplication. Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene. Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication ...
G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G 2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes .
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.