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Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting from a set of premises and reasoning to a conclusion supported by these premises. The premises and the conclusion are propositions, i.e. true or false claims about what is the case.
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises due to the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content.
First-order logic —also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, quantificational logic —is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. First-order logic uses quantified variables over non-logical objects, and allows the use of sentences that contain variables, so that rather than ...
The conditions under which a statement or proposition is considered to be true, playing a central role in the semantic analysis of language. truth function. A function that takes truth values as input and produces a truth value as output, used in logic to model the truth conditions of logical connectives.
In logic, the logical form of a statement is a precisely-specified semantic version of that statement in a formal system. Informally, the logical form attempts to formalize a possibly ambiguous statement into a statement with a precise, unambiguous logical interpretation with respect to a formal system. In an ideal formal language, the meaning ...
Outline of logic. Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language.
Laws of logic. Law of logic may refer to: Basic laws of Propositional Logic or First Order Predicate Logic. Laws of thought, which present first principles (arguably) before reasoning begins. Rules of inference, which dictate the valid use of inferential reasoning. Category:
Logicism. In the philosophy of mathematics, logicism is a programme comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of ' logic ' – mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic. [1] Bertrand Russell and Alfred North ...