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e. The School of Diplomacy ( simplified Chinese: 纵 横 家; traditional Chinese: 縱橫家; pinyin: Zōng héng Jiā ), or the School of Vertical and Horizontal Alliances was a political and diplomatic clique during the Warring States period of Chinese history (476-220 BCE). According to the Book of Han, the school was one of the Nine Schools ...
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (/ ˈ h ʊ s ɜːr l / HUUSS-url, [14] [15] [16] US also / ˈ h ʊ s ər əl / HUUSS-ər-əl, [17] German: [ˈɛtmʊnt ˈhʊsɐl]; [18] 8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938 [19]) was an Austrian-German philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology.
In the three-dimensional case, the situation is more complicated as now one has horizontal and vertical planes in addition to horizontal and vertical lines. Consider a point P and designate a direction through P as vertical. A plane which contains P and is normal to the designated direction is the horizontal plane at P.
In microeconomics, management and international political economy, vertical integration, also referred to as vertical consolidation, is an arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is integrated and owned by that company. Usually each member of the supply chain produces a different product or (market-specific) service, and the products ...
Horizontal escalation is a direct contrast to vertical escalation which employs types of weapons not previously used in the conflict. That type of escalation also allows attacking new types of targets in order to have an upper hand to the other combatant. [1] During the Cold War, the risks associated with using escalation were much broader and ...
The zipper system, also known as "vertical parity" or the "zebra system", [ 1][ 2] is an electoral mechanism intended to enforce gender parity in countries using party-list proportional representation with closed lists. It requires that parties alternate between candidates of either gender on their candidate lists, meaning that 50% of the ...
Horizontal and vertical (disambiguation) Horizontal and vertical commonly refers a concept about orientation in mathematics, geography, physics and other sciences, with the vertical typically being defined by the direction of gravity, and with the horizontal being perpendicular to the vertical. Horizontal and vertical may also refer to:
Vertical integration, when the the supply chain of a company is integrated and owned by that company (i.e. integration of multiple stages of production) Vertical and horizontal market, another concept in economics, with a vertical market characterized by goods and services being offered to a specific industry or group of customers with ...