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Legal systems of the world. The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, customary law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. [1]
The law of the United States comprises many levels [ 1] of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the nation's Constitution, which prescribes the foundation of the federal government of the United States, as well as various civil liberties. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of ...
t. e. The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders. [ 2][ 3] It is sometimes stated simply as "no one is above the law". [ 4] The term rule of law is closely related to constitutionalism as well as Rechtsstaat.
One definition of international organisations comes from the ILC's 2011 Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations which in Article 2(a) states that it is "an organization established by treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality". [125] This ...
[3] Contemporary legal scholars working within the Law and Society tradition have expanded upon the foundations set by legal realism to postulate what has been referred to as new legal realism. As a form of jurisprudence, legal realism is defined by its focus on the law as it actually exists in practice, rather than how it exists in books.
The law of Germany (German: Recht Deutschlands), that being the modern German legal system (German: deutsches Rechtssystem), is a system of civil law which is founded on the principles laid out by the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, though many of the most important laws, for example most regulations of the civil code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, or BGB) were developed prior to ...
The law of Japan refers to the legal system in Japan, which is primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with precedents also playing an important role. [ 1] Japan has a civil law legal system with six legal codes, which were greatly influenced by Germany, to a lesser extent by France, and also adapted to Japanese circumstances.
The legal system of Belgium is based on the Napoleonic code. [1] [2] The Napoleonic code is the French civil code which was issued between 1804 and 1810. [3] It clearly presents the French legal system. [3] Belgium’s constitution is influenced by earlier constitutions of the French and the Netherlands.