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The canon of the New Testament is the set of books many modern Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible.For most churches, the canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books [1] that includes the canonical Gospels, Acts, letters attributed to various apostles, and Revelation.
The Old and New Testament canons did not develop independently of each other and most primary sources for the canon specify both Old and New Testament books. [citation needed] For the biblical scripture for both Testaments, canonically accepted in major traditions of Christendom, see § Canons of various traditions.
The New Testament canon as it is now was first listed by St. Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in 367, in a letter written to his churches in Egypt, Festal Letter 39. Also cited is the Council of Rome, but not without controversy. That canon gained wider and wider recognition until it was accepted at the Third Council of Carthage in 397 and 419.
[1] [2] They look at Second Temple Judaism, the tensions, trends, and changes in the region under the influence of Hellenism and the Roman occupation, and the Jewish factions of the time, seeing Jesus as a Jew in this environment; and the written New Testament as arising from a period of oral gospel traditions after his death.
The unique character of the New Testament writings, and their period of origin, is highlighted by the paucity of the literary form in later writing. Once the canon of the New Testament began to take shape, the style ceased to be used on a regular basis. Noncanonical writings persisted, but died out within a historically short period of time.
No book is ever mentioned in the sources as being excluded from the canon at Jabneh. [15] According to Lewis: The concept of the Council of Jamnia is an hypothesis to explain the canonization of the Writings (the third division of the Hebrew Bible) resulting in the closing of the Hebrew canon. ...These ongoing debates suggest the paucity of ...
The Book of Sirach provides evidence of a collection of sacred scriptures similar to portions of the Hebrew Bible. The book, which is dated to between 196 and 175 BCE [7] [8] (and is not included in the Jewish canon), includes a list of names of biblical figures in the same order as is found in the Torah (Law) and the Nevi'im (Prophets), and which includes the names of some men mentioned in ...
The oldest text of the entire Christian Bible, including the New Testament, is the Codex Sinaiticus dating from the 4th century CE, with its Old Testament a copy of a Greek translation known as the Septuagint. The oldest extant manuscripts of the vocalized Masoretic Text date to the 9th century CE. [1]