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Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144.
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, [nb 1] was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter and heir of Henry I, king of England and ruler of Normandy , she went to Germany as a child when she was married to the future Holy Roman Emperor ...
Deeds of King Stephen or Acts of Stephen or Gesta Regis Stephani is a mid-12th-century English history by an anonymous author about King Stephen of England and his struggles with his cousin, Empress Matilda, also known as the "Empress Maud". It is one of the main sources for this period in the history of England.
Early appearances by Stephen in fiction included the novels For King or Empress (1904) by C. W. Whistler and Armadin by Alfred Bowker (1908). [2] Stephen appeared in the 1921 novel The Fool by H. C. Bailey. [3] The 1958 novel To Keep This Oath by Hebe Weenolsen centres on the power struggle between Stephen and the future Henry II. [3]
During the course of the story, King Stephen, having been captured by Robert of Gloucester at the Battle of Lincoln (February 1141), is now imprisoned in Bristol by the Empress Maud. [6] The plot, which takes place in June 1141, also details the unsuccessful attempt by Maud and her brother Robert to have her crowned in London, where she took ...
Matilda (c. 1105 – 3 May 1152) was suo jure Countess of Boulogne from 1125 and Queen of England from the accession of her husband, Stephen, in 1135 until her death in 1152. She supported Stephen in his struggle for the English throne against their mutual cousin Empress Matilda. She played an unusually active role for a woman of the period ...
In these books Empress Matilda is referred to by her vernacular name, Empress Maud. [12] Roberta Gellis, The Sword and the Swan (1977). [10] Ken Follett, The Pillars of the Earth (1989) Ellen Jones, The Fatal Crown (1991) Sharon Penman, When Christ and His Saints Slept tells the story of the events before, during and after the civil war (1995)
Stephen's primary objective in besieging Oxford was the capture of the Empress rather than the city or castle itself, [78] [note 14] reported the chronicler John of Gloucester. [73] Another, William of Malmsbury , suggests that Stephen believed that capturing Matilda would end the civil war in one fell stroke, [ 74 ] and the Gesta declares that ...